Luke 4 and the Kingdom of God
Luke 4 and the Kingdom of God
NASB Luke 4:16 And He came to Nazareth, where He had been brought up; and as was His custom, He entered the synagogue on the Sabbath, and stood up to read. 17 And the book of the prophet Isaiah was handed to Him. And He opened the book and found the place where it was written,
18 "THE SPIRIT OF THE LORD IS UPON ME, BECAUSE HE ANOINTED ME TO PREACH THE GOSPEL TO THE POOR.
HE HAS SENT ME TO PROCLAIM RELEASE TO THE CAPTIVES,
AND RECOVERY OF SIGHT TO THE BLIND,
TO SET FREE THOSE WHO ARE OPPRESSED,
19 TO PROCLAIM THE FAVORABLE YEAR OF THE LORD."
20And He closed the book, gave it back to the attendant and sat down; and the eyes of all in the synagogue were fixed on Him. 21 And He began to say to them, "Today this Scripture has been fulfilled in your hearing."
Jesus describes his mission to his hometown synagogue members. Curiously, He doesn’t finish the rest of the chapter, although I’m sure it echoes in the minds of the hearers. Here is the rest of the chapter…
LXX Isaiah 61:1 The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he has anointed me; he has sent me to preach glad tidings to the poor, to heal the broken in heart, to proclaim liberty to the captives, and recovery of sight to the blind; 2 to declare the acceptable year of the Lord, and the day of recompence; to comfort all that mourn; 3 that there should be given to them that mourn in Sion glory instead of ashes, the oil of joy to the mourners, the garment of glory for the spirit of heaviness: and they shall be called generations of righteousness, the planting of the Lord for glory. 4 And they shall build the old waste places, they shall raise up those that were before made desolate, and shall renew the desert cities, even those that had been desolate for many generations. 5 And strangers shall come and feed thy flocks, and aliens shall be thy ploughmen and vine-dressers. 6 But ye shall be called priests of the Lord, the ministers of God: ye shall eat the strength of nations, and shall be admired because of their wealth. 7 Thus shall they inherit the land a second time, and everlasting joy shall be upon their head. 8 For I am the Lord who love righteousness, and hate robberies of injustice; and I will give their labour to the just, and will make an everlasting covenant with them. 9 And their seed shall be known among the Gentiles, and their offspring in the midst of peoples: every one that sees them shall take notice of them, that they are a seed blessed of God; 10 and they shall greatly rejoice in the Lord. Let my soul rejoice in the Lord; for he has clothed me with the robe of salvation, and the garment of joy: he has put a mitre on me as on a bridegroom, and adorned me with ornaments as a bride. 11 And as the earth putting forth her flowers, and as a garden its seed; so shall the Lord, even the Lord, cause righteousness to spring forth, and exultation before all nations.
By the way, this is an English translation of the Septuagint, the Greek translation of the Old Testament. You’ll notice some differences in our modern translations based on the Hebrew Bible.
So did Jesus do this stuff? What glad tidings did he bring to the poor? He never offered them wealth. Which prisoners did he set free? We do know a lot of blind people got their sight back. Who was released from oppression? The year of the Lord’s favor is, perhaps the time that all this good stuff happens. It’s probably not bound to 365 days but more likely an era. The best part is that Jesus declares that this is fulfilled “today;” before any miracles, before any sight is restored physically, before anyone is released. Although this was written by Isaiah for the hope of the exiled nation of Israel, Israel’s leaders surely understood that this was more than that. This is a prophecy of God’s anointed leader and his accomplishments. So Jesus is claiming to his audience, his neighbors, that he is this Messiah. And if he is the Messiah then this is good news to the oppressed Jews of his day. God has finally sent a deliverer. The nation is under the thumb of Rome, and is not wealthy relative to Rome, and not free of Rome. Hence the nation is poor and oppressed. They aren’t blind or imprisoned though. Rome hasn’t plucked all their eyes nor placed them all in jail. It could be the good news is the proclamation of freedom and release. It’s interesting to me that Jesus skips the “binding up of the broken hearted” and emphasizes his proclamation. The prophecy isn’t that he will free prisoners or restore sight or release the oppressed, just that he will proclaim these things.
I think clues of how to interpret this can be found in Isaiah 59 and John 9.
NASB Isaiah 59:1 Behold, the LORD'S hand is not so short That it cannot save; Nor is His ear so dull That it cannot hear. 2 But your iniquities have made a separation between you and your God, And your sins have hidden His face from you so that He does not hear. 3 For your hands are defiled with blood And your fingers with iniquity; Your lips have spoken falsehood, Your tongue mutters wickedness. 4 No one sues righteously and no one pleads honestly. They trust in confusion and speak lies; They conceive mischief and bring forth iniquity. 5 They hatch adders' eggs and weave the spider's web; He who eats of their eggs dies, And from that which is crushed a snake breaks forth. 6 Their webs will not become clothing, Nor will they cover themselves with their works; Their works are works of iniquity, And an act of violence is in their hands. 7 Their feet run to evil, And they hasten to shed innocent blood; Their thoughts are thoughts of iniquity, Devastation and destruction are in their highways. 8 They do not know the way of peace, And there is no justice in their tracks; They have made their paths crooked, Whoever treads on them does not know peace. 9 Therefore justice is far from us, And righteousness does not overtake us; We hope for light, but behold, darkness, For brightness, but we walk in gloom. 10 We grope along the wall like blind men, We grope like those who have no eyes; We stumble at midday as in the twilight, Among those who are vigorous we are like dead men. 11 All of us growl like bears, And moan sadly like doves; We hope for justice, but there is none, For salvation, but it is far from us. 12 For our transgressions are multiplied before You, And our sins testify against us; For our transgressions are with us, And we know our iniquities: 13 Transgressing and denying the LORD, And turning away from our God, Speaking oppression and revolt, Conceiving in and uttering from the heart lying words. 14 Justice is turned back, And righteousness stands far away; For truth has stumbled in the street, And uprightness cannot enter. 15 Yes, truth is lacking; And he who turns aside from evil makes himself a prey. Now the LORD saw, And it was displeasing in His sight that there was no justice. 16 And He saw that there was no man, And was astonished that there was no one to intercede; Then His own arm brought salvation to Him, And His righteousness upheld Him. 17 He put on righteousness like a breastplate, And a helmet of salvation on His head; And He put on garments of vengeance for clothing And wrapped Himself with zeal as a mantle. 18 According to their deeds, so He will repay, Wrath to His adversaries, recompense to His enemies; To the coastlands He will make recompense. 19 So they will fear the name of the LORD from the west And His glory from the rising of the sun, For He will come like a rushing stream Which the wind of the LORD drives. 20 "A Redeemer will come to Zion, And to those who turn from transgression in Jacob," declares the LORD. 21 "As for Me, this is My covenant with them," says the LORD: "My Spirit which is upon you, and My words which I have put in your mouth shall not depart from your mouth, nor from the mouth of your offspring, nor from the mouth of your offspring's offspring," says the LORD, "from now and forever."
NASB John 9:35 Jesus heard that they had put him out, and finding him, He said, "Do you believe in the Son of Man?" 36 He answered, "Who is He, Lord, that I may believe in Him?" 37 Jesus said to him, "You have both seen Him, and He is the one who is talking with you." 38 And he said, "Lord, I believe." And he worshiped Him. 39 And Jesus said, "For judgment I came into this world, so that those who do not see may see, and that those who see may become blind." 40 Those of the Pharisees who were with Him heard these things and said to Him, "We are not blind too, are we?" 41 Jesus said to them, "If you were blind, you would have no sin; but since you say, 'We see,' your sin remains.
Jesus’s healing of a physically blind man was a metaphor for the spiritual blindness that Jesus wanted to address. Isaiah shows that the blindness (59:9-10) was due to the sinfulness of the people, and they were so bad off that they couldn’t turn themselves around and God had to intervene (59:16).
So I conclude that Jesus was speaking metaphorically and spiritually here. He comes to satisfy the poor in spirit, those imprisoned in their sins, those blinded by their sins, and those oppressed by their sins. Jesus has come for the world. And like most of the world, his own neighborhood rejected Jesus. They couldn’t accept this man as Messiah, God’s prophet, God’s son.
What are we the church to do with this? We are to proclaim the good news. We are to proclaim freedom and sight and release and God’s favor. It doesn’t mean we are obligated to tear down all the jails, or oppose seeing eye dog training since all the blind will see and we can’t free the oppressed in North Korea. This isn’t in our power. But what we can do is proclaim it to our neighbors.
NASB Luke 4:16 And He came to Nazareth, where He had been brought up; and as was His custom, He entered the synagogue on the Sabbath, and stood up to read. 17 And the book of the prophet Isaiah was handed to Him. And He opened the book and found the place where it was written,
18 "THE SPIRIT OF THE LORD IS UPON ME, BECAUSE HE ANOINTED ME TO PREACH THE GOSPEL TO THE POOR.
HE HAS SENT ME TO PROCLAIM RELEASE TO THE CAPTIVES,
AND RECOVERY OF SIGHT TO THE BLIND,
TO SET FREE THOSE WHO ARE OPPRESSED,
19 TO PROCLAIM THE FAVORABLE YEAR OF THE LORD."
20And He closed the book, gave it back to the attendant and sat down; and the eyes of all in the synagogue were fixed on Him. 21 And He began to say to them, "Today this Scripture has been fulfilled in your hearing."
Jesus describes his mission to his hometown synagogue members. Curiously, He doesn’t finish the rest of the chapter, although I’m sure it echoes in the minds of the hearers. Here is the rest of the chapter…
LXX Isaiah 61:1 The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he has anointed me; he has sent me to preach glad tidings to the poor, to heal the broken in heart, to proclaim liberty to the captives, and recovery of sight to the blind; 2 to declare the acceptable year of the Lord, and the day of recompence; to comfort all that mourn; 3 that there should be given to them that mourn in Sion glory instead of ashes, the oil of joy to the mourners, the garment of glory for the spirit of heaviness: and they shall be called generations of righteousness, the planting of the Lord for glory. 4 And they shall build the old waste places, they shall raise up those that were before made desolate, and shall renew the desert cities, even those that had been desolate for many generations. 5 And strangers shall come and feed thy flocks, and aliens shall be thy ploughmen and vine-dressers. 6 But ye shall be called priests of the Lord, the ministers of God: ye shall eat the strength of nations, and shall be admired because of their wealth. 7 Thus shall they inherit the land a second time, and everlasting joy shall be upon their head. 8 For I am the Lord who love righteousness, and hate robberies of injustice; and I will give their labour to the just, and will make an everlasting covenant with them. 9 And their seed shall be known among the Gentiles, and their offspring in the midst of peoples: every one that sees them shall take notice of them, that they are a seed blessed of God; 10 and they shall greatly rejoice in the Lord. Let my soul rejoice in the Lord; for he has clothed me with the robe of salvation, and the garment of joy: he has put a mitre on me as on a bridegroom, and adorned me with ornaments as a bride. 11 And as the earth putting forth her flowers, and as a garden its seed; so shall the Lord, even the Lord, cause righteousness to spring forth, and exultation before all nations.
By the way, this is an English translation of the Septuagint, the Greek translation of the Old Testament. You’ll notice some differences in our modern translations based on the Hebrew Bible.
So did Jesus do this stuff? What glad tidings did he bring to the poor? He never offered them wealth. Which prisoners did he set free? We do know a lot of blind people got their sight back. Who was released from oppression? The year of the Lord’s favor is, perhaps the time that all this good stuff happens. It’s probably not bound to 365 days but more likely an era. The best part is that Jesus declares that this is fulfilled “today;” before any miracles, before any sight is restored physically, before anyone is released. Although this was written by Isaiah for the hope of the exiled nation of Israel, Israel’s leaders surely understood that this was more than that. This is a prophecy of God’s anointed leader and his accomplishments. So Jesus is claiming to his audience, his neighbors, that he is this Messiah. And if he is the Messiah then this is good news to the oppressed Jews of his day. God has finally sent a deliverer. The nation is under the thumb of Rome, and is not wealthy relative to Rome, and not free of Rome. Hence the nation is poor and oppressed. They aren’t blind or imprisoned though. Rome hasn’t plucked all their eyes nor placed them all in jail. It could be the good news is the proclamation of freedom and release. It’s interesting to me that Jesus skips the “binding up of the broken hearted” and emphasizes his proclamation. The prophecy isn’t that he will free prisoners or restore sight or release the oppressed, just that he will proclaim these things.
I think clues of how to interpret this can be found in Isaiah 59 and John 9.
NASB Isaiah 59:1 Behold, the LORD'S hand is not so short That it cannot save; Nor is His ear so dull That it cannot hear. 2 But your iniquities have made a separation between you and your God, And your sins have hidden His face from you so that He does not hear. 3 For your hands are defiled with blood And your fingers with iniquity; Your lips have spoken falsehood, Your tongue mutters wickedness. 4 No one sues righteously and no one pleads honestly. They trust in confusion and speak lies; They conceive mischief and bring forth iniquity. 5 They hatch adders' eggs and weave the spider's web; He who eats of their eggs dies, And from that which is crushed a snake breaks forth. 6 Their webs will not become clothing, Nor will they cover themselves with their works; Their works are works of iniquity, And an act of violence is in their hands. 7 Their feet run to evil, And they hasten to shed innocent blood; Their thoughts are thoughts of iniquity, Devastation and destruction are in their highways. 8 They do not know the way of peace, And there is no justice in their tracks; They have made their paths crooked, Whoever treads on them does not know peace. 9 Therefore justice is far from us, And righteousness does not overtake us; We hope for light, but behold, darkness, For brightness, but we walk in gloom. 10 We grope along the wall like blind men, We grope like those who have no eyes; We stumble at midday as in the twilight, Among those who are vigorous we are like dead men. 11 All of us growl like bears, And moan sadly like doves; We hope for justice, but there is none, For salvation, but it is far from us. 12 For our transgressions are multiplied before You, And our sins testify against us; For our transgressions are with us, And we know our iniquities: 13 Transgressing and denying the LORD, And turning away from our God, Speaking oppression and revolt, Conceiving in and uttering from the heart lying words. 14 Justice is turned back, And righteousness stands far away; For truth has stumbled in the street, And uprightness cannot enter. 15 Yes, truth is lacking; And he who turns aside from evil makes himself a prey. Now the LORD saw, And it was displeasing in His sight that there was no justice. 16 And He saw that there was no man, And was astonished that there was no one to intercede; Then His own arm brought salvation to Him, And His righteousness upheld Him. 17 He put on righteousness like a breastplate, And a helmet of salvation on His head; And He put on garments of vengeance for clothing And wrapped Himself with zeal as a mantle. 18 According to their deeds, so He will repay, Wrath to His adversaries, recompense to His enemies; To the coastlands He will make recompense. 19 So they will fear the name of the LORD from the west And His glory from the rising of the sun, For He will come like a rushing stream Which the wind of the LORD drives. 20 "A Redeemer will come to Zion, And to those who turn from transgression in Jacob," declares the LORD. 21 "As for Me, this is My covenant with them," says the LORD: "My Spirit which is upon you, and My words which I have put in your mouth shall not depart from your mouth, nor from the mouth of your offspring, nor from the mouth of your offspring's offspring," says the LORD, "from now and forever."
NASB John 9:35 Jesus heard that they had put him out, and finding him, He said, "Do you believe in the Son of Man?" 36 He answered, "Who is He, Lord, that I may believe in Him?" 37 Jesus said to him, "You have both seen Him, and He is the one who is talking with you." 38 And he said, "Lord, I believe." And he worshiped Him. 39 And Jesus said, "For judgment I came into this world, so that those who do not see may see, and that those who see may become blind." 40 Those of the Pharisees who were with Him heard these things and said to Him, "We are not blind too, are we?" 41 Jesus said to them, "If you were blind, you would have no sin; but since you say, 'We see,' your sin remains.
Jesus’s healing of a physically blind man was a metaphor for the spiritual blindness that Jesus wanted to address. Isaiah shows that the blindness (59:9-10) was due to the sinfulness of the people, and they were so bad off that they couldn’t turn themselves around and God had to intervene (59:16).
So I conclude that Jesus was speaking metaphorically and spiritually here. He comes to satisfy the poor in spirit, those imprisoned in their sins, those blinded by their sins, and those oppressed by their sins. Jesus has come for the world. And like most of the world, his own neighborhood rejected Jesus. They couldn’t accept this man as Messiah, God’s prophet, God’s son.
What are we the church to do with this? We are to proclaim the good news. We are to proclaim freedom and sight and release and God’s favor. It doesn’t mean we are obligated to tear down all the jails, or oppose seeing eye dog training since all the blind will see and we can’t free the oppressed in North Korea. This isn’t in our power. But what we can do is proclaim it to our neighbors.
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